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Past Programme 1990 - 1999

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  • Home
  • Our Purpose
  • Event Programme by Theme
    • Annual lectures
      • Playing by the rules in a globalised world
    • Information for invitees
      • Conference Programme
      • Travel Guidance
      • Your stay at Ditchley: venue, facilities, currency
    • Past events
      • 2010 - 2019
        • 2018
          • How do we make the Internet safer, without destroying its vitality?
        • 2017
          • Can Saudi Arabia lead the Gulf to a knowledge economy and a sustainable and stable future?
          • Drones remote weapons and other robots: the military, commercial, legal and ethical implications
          • From words and pictures to impact: how can think tanks, convenors, socially responsible companies and other not-for-profit organisations have more impact on the world?
          • Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: how do we make sure technology serves the open society?
          • Non-state actors and the changing nature of conflict
          • Russia's role in the world, today and tomorrow
          • The Arctic at the crossroads: cooperation or competition?
          • The future of the Transatlantic community and the international order
          • Which way is West and is the West still best? What do President Trump, Brexit and the technological revolution mean for the future of the West?
          • 53rd Annual Lecture
          • Africa
          • Drones
        • 2016
          • Nuclear energy
          • Europe and migration
          • Middle East
          • South Asia
          • Growth and jobs in Europe
          • Biodiversity
          • 52nd annual lecture
          • US and Europe
          • EU divorce
          • ASEAN
          • Global internet
          • 21st century manufacturing
        • 2015
          • Democracy
          • European security
          • Political Islam
          • Climate and energy risk
          • Intelligence
          • China
          • 51st Annual Lecture
          • Asia-Pacific
          • The UK and the EU
          • Free trade and investment
          • Digital economy
        • 2014
          • Manufacturing
          • Power rivalries in Asia
          • Digital revolution
          • Brazil
          • Shale gas
          • Arab awakening
          • 50th Annual Lecture
          • The global role of the United States
          • France's role
          • Afghanistan
          • Military
        • 2013
          • International trade and investment
          • Western Balkans
          • Journalism
          • Berlin
          • Indonesia
          • States and markets
          • Protecting civilians
          • The future of Scotland
          • Annual Lecture XLIX
          • Responsible financial sector
          • Germany's role in the EU
          • Urbanisation: the century of cities
          • Japan's regional and global future
        • 2012
          • Rio+20 and the green economy
          • Philanthropy
          • Cultural Diplomacy
          • Income inequality
          • Multiculturalism
          • International intervention
          • Science
          • Annual Lecture XLVIII
          • East Asia
          • Two-tier Europe
          • Water
          • Global power shifts
          • Drug control policy
        • 2011
          • Small arms
          • Democracy
          • Mexico
          • Fiscal policy
          • Europe
          • Ageing
          • Africa
          • Annual Lecture XLVII
          • 9/11
          • Cyber Security
          • Hydrocarbons
          • Central Asian republics
          • Middle East and North Africa
        • 2010
          • International law
          • Economic architecture
          • Radicalisation
          • Modern diplomacy
          • India
          • Climate change
          • Annual Lecture XLVI
          • Food security
          • EU Russia
          • Asia
          • Nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament
      • 2000 - 2009
        • 2009
          • The Arctic region in the twenty-first century
          • NGOs
          • Gulf
          • Universities
          • Society’s resilience
          • Military’s role
          • Architecture
          • Development aid
          • Ditchley Lecture XLV
          • Nigeria
          • US-EU
          • Machinery of government
          • Human rights
        • 2008
          • Organised Crime
          • US foreign policy
          • South Africa
          • Prisons policy
          • Innovation
          • MDGs
          • Russia's future
          • Ditchley Lecture XLIV
          • Latin America
          • The future of NATO
          • EU global strategy
          • China
          • Media and Democracy
        • 2007
          • Turkey
          • New National Identities
          • Infrastructure
          • East Asia
          • Internet
          • United Nations
          • Ditchley Lecture XLIII
          • Free trade
          • Space
          • The prospects for Pakistan
          • EU migration
          • Young people
        • 2006
          • African response to G8
          • Non-Proliferation
          • Future of Aerospace
          • Brazil: Global Impact
          • Conflict Prevention
          • Art and culture
          • Ditchley Lecture XLII
          • EU: Geopolitical trends
          • Caucasus
          • Energy
          • Identity and religion
          • US-European communication
          • Democracy
          • Terrorism
        • 2005
          • Global economy
          • US Election
          • Iran's Future Path
          • Women & developing world
          • Public diplomacy
          • Politics of Water
          • Nuclear energy
          • Ditchley Lecture XLI
          • Cities
          • Freedom and security
          • Iraq: consequences
          • Britain's constitution
          • Challenges of governing
        • 2004
          • Approaches to refugees
          • Integrated transport
          • India
          • Biogenetics
          • Prisoner reintegration
          • Russia
          • Germany in a new century
          • Ditchley Lecture XL
          • Peacebuilding
          • An enlarged Europe
          • China
          • Change in the Middle East
        • 2003
          • Terrorism
          • South America
          • NATO
          • Higher education
          • Democratic deficit
          • Public service
          • Japan
          • Media and Politics
          • International relations
          • Lecture XXXIX
          • Modern corporation
          • Science and technology
          • Energy needs
        • 2002
          • Ageing populations
          • UN: Peacekeeping
          • Middle East prospects
          • The WTO round
          • Long-term impact of 9/11
          • Health as foreign policy
          • Poverty
          • EU enlargement
          • Globalisation
          • Lecture XXXVIII
          • Southern Africa
          • Young people
          • Philanthropy
          • Global challenges
        • 2001
          • Arms control
          • UN in the 21st century
          • Industry
          • Design for health care
          • China
          • Transatlantic relations
          • EU
          • Healthcare Funding
          • Agriculture
        • 2000
          • Kosovo
          • Fisheries
          • Devolution
          • Illegal drugs
          • Accountability of NGOs
          • Multicultural societies
          • Restorative justice
          • Ditchley Lecture XXXVII
          • Defence industrial base
          • The new Luddites?
          • EU's CFSDP
          • Euro and other currencies
          • e-Commerce
      • 1990 - 1999
        • 1999
          • Museums
          • Iran and Iraq
          • Non-violent sanctions
          • Public policy
          • Water
          • Risk in public policy
          • US foreign policy
          • Lecture XXXVI
          • Turkey's future path
        • 1998
          • Lecture XXXV
        • 1997
          • Lecture XXXIV
        • 1996
          • Lecture XXXIII
        • 1995
          • Large Cities
          • Lecture XXXII
        • 1994
          • Lecture XXXI
        • 1993
          • Lecture XXX
        • 1992
          • Lecture XXIX
          • The states of the former Soviet Union
        • 1991
          • Lecture XXVIII
        • 1990
          • Lecture XXVII
      • 1980 - 1989
        • 1989
          • Lecture XXVI
        • 1988
          • Lecture XXV
        • 1987
          • Lecture XXIV
          • Military and economic power
        • 1986
          • Lecture XXIII
        • 1985
          • Lecture XXII
        • 1984
          • Lecture XXI
        • 1983
          • Lecture XX
          • US Lecture I
        • 1982
          • New telecommunications technology
          • Safeguarding Western interests
          • Lecture XIX
        • 1981
          • Lecture XVIII
        • 1980
          • Lecture XVII
      • 1970 - 1979
        • 1979
        • 1978
          • Lecture XVI
        • 1977
        • 1976
          • Lecture XV
        • 1975
          • Lecture XIV
        • 1974
          • Law and Freedom
          • Lecture XIII
        • 1973
          • Lecture XII
        • 1972
          • Lecture XI
        • 1971
          • Lecture X
        • 1970
          • Lecture IX
      • 1962 - 1969
        • 1969
          • Lecture VIII
        • 1968
          • Lecture VII
        • 1967
          • Europe and the Atlantic community
          • Lecture VI
        • 1966
          • Lecture V
        • 1965
          • Lecture IV
        • 1964
          • Lecture III
        • 1963
          • Lecture II
        • 1962
          • Lecture I
          • Tropical Africa
          • European integration
  • Events
    • A Festival of Ideas
      • Ditchley Festival of Ideas
    • Annual Lecture
    • China and the West: different values, the same global economy. How do we respond to challenges on the premise of mutual respect?
    • Globally connected cities and their relationship to the nation state
    • Modern Education: what is contemporary education for, whom should we be educating, and how is it best achieved?
    • Modern deterrence: nuclear, cyber, AI and North Korea
    • Modern family: what is it for, what are its prospects and what are the implications for societies and states?
    • The intersection of machine learning and genetic engineering: what should be our check list for society and state as we blast off?
  • Past Events
  • The Ditchley Project
  • Our Story
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    • The Honorary of Governors
    • Senior Staff
    • The Council of Management
    • Sir David Wills
    • Former Directors
    • The American Ditchley Foundation
      • American Advisory Council
      • American Board of Directors
    • The Canadian Ditchley Foundation
      • Canadian Board of Directors
      • Canadian Programme Advisory Committee
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