Formerly: Diplomat – Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1970-1994), Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office and Head of the Diplomatic Service (1991-1994), Deputy Under-Secretary of State (1986-1990), High Commissioner to Malaysia (1983-1986), Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Asia and the Far East (1981-1983), Head of Defence Department, (1979-1981), Counsellor and Head of Chancery UK delegation at OECD, Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR) Vienna (1975-1978), First Secretary (Commercial) to Moscow (1972-1975); Chairman of the Council of Management (1996-1999), The Ditchley Foundation.